Overviews
The common cold is a viral infection of your nose and throat (upper respiratory tract). It’s generally harmless, although it might not feel that way. Unlike the flu, a common cold is usually less severe and rarely causes serious complications.
Causes
- Rhinoviruses (most common cause)
- Coronaviruses, adenoviruses, and other viruses
- Close contact with an infected person
- Touching contaminated surfaces and then your face (eyes, nose, mouth)
- Weakened immune system
- Stress or lack of sleep
Symptoms
- Sore throat
- Runny or stuffy nose
- Coughing
- Sneezing
- Mild body aches or a headache
- Low-grade fever
- General feeling of being unwell (malaise)
Diagnosis
Diagnosis is typically based on symptoms alone. No specific test is needed. A doctor may perform a physical exam and ask questions about your symptoms to rule out other conditions like the flu.
Herbal Remedies
- Honey
- Use: Soothes sore throats and coughs. A good option for children over one year old.
- How to prepare: Mix 1-2 teaspoons of honey with warm water and a squeeze of lemon.
- Ginger (Zingiber officinale)
- Use: Anti-inflammatory and helps relieve congestion.
- Local name (Nigeria): “Atale”
- How to prepare: Boil fresh ginger slices in water to make a tea. You can add honey or lemon for taste.
- Moringa (Moringa oleifera)
- Use: Boosts the immune system due to high vitamin C content.
- Local name (Nigeria): “Ewe Igi Iyanu”
- How to prepare: Brew dried moringa leaves into a tea.
- Garlic (Allium sativum)
- Use: Contains compounds with potential antiviral and immune-boosting properties.
- How to prepare: Consume raw, or add crushed garlic to hot water with honey.
When to See a Doctor
- Symptoms last longer than 10 days
- High fever (above 101.5°F or 38.6°C)
- Severe symptoms such as shortness of breath or wheezing
- Severe headache or sinus pain
- Symptoms worsen after improving
Always remember to get plenty of rest and stay hydrated when you have a cold.